In most cases, parents are able to keep the best interests of their children at heart. However, in the situations where parents may struggle to do, children still need someone who will put them first. Nowhere is this more important than during court proceedings. A guardian ad litem can speak up for a child or children’s interest, independent of parental pressure, and work toward the goal of giving the child the best life possible.

What a Guardian ad Litem Is and Is Not

Colloquially, the term “guardian ad litem” (GAL) is often used to describe people and positions that do not actually fit the definition. Some believe that a GAL is a sort of attorney-at-large, answerable to all parties and the court. Others think a GAL is only necessary if the possibility of someone losing their parental rights is a possibility. It is perhaps understandable that they are not well known, given GALs are used most often during child custody proceedings, but one must understand what a GAL actually does—considering that his or her role will involve your children.

Child relocation is often a touchy subject, especially when parents have already been through an acrimonious divorce. Even when the child already lives with one parent the majority of the time, that parent cannot simply pack up and move the child to another state. Instead, the parent seeking child relocation must seek the other parent’s approval. Failing that, the parent looking to move must file a petition with the court, which the other parent has the right to contest.

Looking Out for the Best Interests of the Child

So how does a court decide whether to permit a child relocation? Illinois law says the paramount concern is always the “best interest” of the child. To help determine this, a judge may look at a number of factors, including the “history and quality of each parent's relationship with the child,” how well the parents have complied with their existing parenting plan, whether the child will have better “educational opportunities” at the new location, and the “presence or absence of extended” family at the new location versus their current residence.

Child custody disputes often provoke the most heated battles between parties. When it comes to allocating parental responsibilities, the best interests of the children sometimes take a back seat to the stress and anxiety of the parents. Especially when raised in the midst of an already contentious divorce, the resolution of parental responsibility issues may be delayed by weeks, months, or even years.

All of this can take a toll not only on parents and children but the courts as well. Next door to Illinois in South Bend, Indiana, a local newspaper recently reported on how much time family courts consume dealing with child custody disputes. The report indicated that statewide, Indiana courts take 39 minutes of a judge's time for “the average divorce case without children.” In contrast, if children are involved, the judge will spend nearly four times as long—259 minutes on average—dealing with the parties.

There Are Alternatives to Litigation

One of the more common disputes that arise during (and after) a divorce is visitation rights for the non-custodial parent. Ideally the parents establish a visitation plan and stick to it. But life does not always go according to plan, and when one parent feels they have been deprived of time with their child, it can lead to additional litigation even after the divorce is final.

Missed Weekend Leads to Extended Litigation

In a recent case from Chicago, a judge went so far as to hold a mother in contempt of court after the father missed two scheduled visitation days with their son. An Illinois appeals court reversed the contempt finding but still ordered the mother to give the father “make-up” visitation days. It is worth noting this dispute arose more than a decade after the parents divorced and agreed to a visitation plan.

Fathers' rights are a critical issue for many Illinois men, especially with respect to questions of child relocation. When one parent tries to move a child out-of-state without the other parent's consent (or knowledge), it may be necessary for the other to seek a court order to protect their own parent-child relationship. Even when the mother has legal and physical responsibility for the child, Illinois law can still protect a father's interest in maintaining an active role in the child's life.

Court Says Five-Month “Visit” Established Child's Residency

A recent case from here in DuPage County illustrates how the courts can protect father-child relationships. In this case, two unmarried parents have a five-year-old child. The mother has custody. She lives in North Carolina, but in October 2013, the mother allowed the child to stay with the father's parents in Illinois while she underwent a minor surgical procedure. The father, a member of the United States armed forces, was on active duty during this time.